STSE X STEM (S1–S3)STSE X STEM (S1–S3)生活中的檢測：使用Google科學日誌與ChemEyeDetection in daily life: Using Google Science Journal and ChemEye
學習技能：Learning skill:
流動裝置Mobile device
讀寫Read and Write
前言Introduction
Google科學日誌是一個應程式，可以把我們的流動裝置轉換成「流動感應器」，方便我們在日常生活中進行不同的科學檢測。
ChemEye同樣是一個應用程式，透過檢測溶液的顏色來決定該溶液的濃度。
在這個活動，我們將會使用這兩個應用程式，在日常生活中隨時隨地進行科學檢測！
Google Science Journal is an app that transforms a mobile device into a ‘pocket sensor’, which enables us to do more scientific measurements in daily life.
ChemEye is a mobile app that can determine the concentration of a solution by simply detecting its colour.
In this project, we are going to use these apps to do scientific detection anytime and anywhere!
家居噪音Noise in your home
令人不適的家居噪音Domestic noise making you sick
我們都知道太嘈吵的聲音會損害我們的聽覺，那麼「微小的噪音」又如何？
家居電器產生的噪音或許不太具刺激性，但長時間曝露在這些噪音下，仍然會對我們造成負面影響。
根據世界衞生組織（WHO）的報告顯示，大約40%的歐洲人口曝露在噪音水平超過55 dB 的家中，大約相等於一個嘈吵辦公室的噪音水平。隨着開放式客廳設計愈趨受歡迎，這個問題亦愈趨嚴重。
We all know that loud sounds can be harmful to our hearing, but what about ‘minor noise’?
The noise produced by electrical appliances in our home may not be irritating, but over a long period of time they can also make a negative impact on us.
According to the World Health Organization (WHO), 40% of Europe’s population is exposed to noise levels over 55 dB at home, which is about the same level of a noisy office. This problem is made worse by the fact that more people are now having an open-plan living room (開放式客廳) in their home.
長時間曝露在家居噪音下足以對人體構成損害，WHO 指出這程度的噪音會影響我們的睡眠質素、令血壓上升、甚至增加患上心臟病的機會。
儘管我們不能消除家中的所有噪音，我們仍可採取一些措施來減低曝露在家居噪音下的機會。例如，地毯的吸音效能便較木地板好，因為聲音遇上木地板會反彈，但卻會被地毯吸收，因此在家中鋪上地毯可有效減低家居噪音。
While short exposure to domestic noise is not very harmful, they can cause damage over time. WHO says this amount of noise is enough to disturb sleep, raise blood pressure and even increase the chances of heart disease.
While we cannot remove all noise, there are methods that we can do to manage our exposure. For example, a house with wooden floors will seem louder than a room with a carpeted floor because the sound bounces off the wood but is absorbed to some degree by the carpet.
1.
What is the unit of noise?
2.
Why is the noise level higher in an open-plan living room?
3.
在互聯網上搜尋更多減低家居噪音的方法，並寫出其中兩個。
Search the Internet and suggest TWO more methods that can reduce the noise levels at home.
使用Google 科學日誌檢測噪音Using Google Science Journal to detect noise
難度﹕Difficulty:
★ ★
時間﹕Time:
1 節課1 lesson
在日常生活中如何應用Google 科學日誌？How can we use Google Science Journal in daily life?
https://e-aristo.hk/r/isgsjvideo1.c
https://e-aristo.hk/r/isgsjvideo1.e
* 請注意「Google versions of Science Journal」應用程式已被Arduino Science Journal應用程式取代。
* Please note that the ‘Google versions of Science Journal’ app has been replaced by Arduino Science Journal app.
2. 開啟應用程式，並選擇音量感應器。
2. Open the app and choose the sound level sensor.
3. 檢測家中不同電器的噪音水平。
3. Detect the noise of different electrical appliances:
4. 把結果記錄下來。
4. Record the results.
| 電器Electrical appliance |
噪音水平Noise |
| 冷氣機Air conditioner |
|
| 風扇Fan |
|
| 洗衣機Washing machine |
|
| 雪櫃Refrigerator |
|
| |
|
氣壓如何影響天氣？How does air pressure affect weather?
氣壓與天氣的關係The relationship between air pressure and weather
氣壓是預測天氣的一個指標。當低氣壓進入某區域時，通常會為該區帶來多雲、大風和有雨的天氣；相反，高氣壓則通常會帶來較為晴朗及風和日麗的天氣。
我們知道空氣會由高壓區流進低壓區。在低壓區內，由高壓區流入的空氣會向上升，空氣中的水分因而累積，形成雲和雨。在高壓區內，空氣則會向下沉並流向低壓區，這令高壓區的氣温變得較高，並有利空氣中水分的蒸發。
Air pressure is an indicator of weather. When a low-pressure system moves into an area, it usually leads to cloudiness, wind and raining. On the other hand, a high-pressure system usually leads to fair and calm weather.
We know that air will flow from high pressure areas to low pressure areas. In a low-pressure system, air will flow in from the high-pressure areas. The air will then rise and the water droplets in air will become clouds or rain. While in high-pressure system, air will flow out to the low-pressure areas. The air will sink and make the temperature higher, which facilitates the evaporation of water in air.
1.
What is the unit of air pressure?
2.
在互聯網上搜集資料，建議如何自製一個量度氣壓的工具，並在下方的空格內繪畫你的裝置。
Search the Internet and suggest how to make a simple instrument by yourself to measure air pressure. Draw your design in the box below.
使用Google 科學日誌檢測氣壓Using Google Science Journal to detect air pressure
難度﹕Difficulty:
★ ★
時間﹕Time:
1 節課1 lesson
1. 先開啟應用程式。
1. Open the app first.
* 請注意「Google versions of Science Journal」應用程式已被Arduino Science Journal應用程式取代。
* Please note that the ‘Google versions of Science Journal’ app has been replaced by Arduino Science Journal app.
2. 把你的平板電腦或智能電話放進一個盒內，以防弄濕。
2. Put your tablet / mobile phone into a box to avoid getting wet.
3. 選擇應用程式的氣壓感應器，持續量度一段時間。記着不要把盒蓋蓋緊。
3. Choose the air pressure sensor and measure for a period for time. Remember DO NOT cover the box tightly.
4. 找出不同的天氣情況和氣壓之間的關係。
4. Find the relationship between air pressure and weather conditions.
食用色素Food colouring
食用色素是甚麼？What is food colouring?
食用色素可使食物的色澤更鮮艷及外觀更吸引，例如在罐頭青豆中加入色素可使青豆顯得翠綠；在糖果、啫喱和叉燒中加入色素則可使它們的顏色更奪目。食用色素可分為天然食用色素和人造食用色素兩類。天然食用色素由天然材料（例如植物的汁液）製成，通常不會對人體健康構成影響；而人造食用色素則是人工合成的染料，有些人進食了含有人造食用色素的食物後，可能會出現過敏反應。
Food colouring can improve the colour of foods and make them look more attractive. For example, they are added to frozen green peas to make them look fresher. They are added to candies, jellies and barbecued pork to make them look more attractive. Some colourings are obtained from natural sources such as plant juice. They are usually harmless. However, some colourings are synthetic dyes which may cause allergic reactions in some people.
天然食用色素Natural food colouring
天然食用色素是指從天然資源例如蔬菜、動物和礦物等獲得的染料或色素。這些色素可用來把食物或藥物染色。草、紅菜頭和薑黃等是常見的天然食用色素來源。
Natural food colouring is any dye or pigment obtained from natural sources like vegetables, animals and minerals etc. It can add colours to foods or drugs. Grass, beetroot, and turmeric (薑黃) are some common natural sources of food colouring.
人造食用色素Synthetic food colouring
人造食用色素又稱為合成食用色素。它們生產自一連串的化學反應，普遍用在食物和藥物工業。一些常見的人造食用色素包括檸檬黄（Tartrazine）、日落黃（sunset yellow）、亮藍（brilliant blue）和靛藍胭脂紅（indigo carmine）等。
Synthetic food colouring is also called artificial colour. It is manufactured by chemical reactions and is commonly used in food and pharmaceutical industries. Some common synthetic food colourings are tartrazine (檸檬黃), sunset yellow, amaranth (莧菜紅), brilliant blue and indigo carmine (靛藍).
1.
試從不同的食物營養標籤中找出常用的食用色素，並寫在以下的空格內。
From the nutrition labels of different foods or drinks, write down some common food colourings added to these foods.
2.
在互聯網上搜尋攝食過多人造食用色素的不良影響，並寫出其中兩個。
Search the Internet and write down TWO possible side effects of taking in too much artificial colours.
3.
除了食用色素外，指出被加入加工食品中的其他食物添加劑。
Besides food colourings, suggest some more food additives that are commonly added to processed foods.
使用ChemEye 檢測食用色素的濃度Using ChemEye to detect the concentration of food colouring
難度﹕Difficulty:
★ ★ ★
時間﹕Time:
2 節課2 lessons
2. 用橙色食用色素預備一些標準溶液。
2. Prepare some standard solutions from orange food dye.
3. 開啟ChemEye，選擇適當的濃度單位，並獲取各標準溶液的顏色。
3. Open ChemEye, choose the suitable unit of concentration and get the colours of different standard solutions.
4. 選擇最適合的校準曲線以作比較。
4. Choose the most suitable calibration curve (校準曲線) for comparison.
5. 找一些加有橙色食用色素的飲品。
5. Get some drinks with orange food colouring added.
6. 用ChemEye 檢測這些飲品中食用色素的濃度。
6. Detect the concentration of food colouring in these drinks using ChemEye.