簡介Introduction
在本活動中，你會設計及製作一個温室。你需要把光合作用的知識應用於促進温室內的植物生長。你還有機會展示你在工程學上的技能、創意、團隊合作性和溝通技巧。
In this project, you will design and build a greenhouse. You will need to apply your knowledge of photosynthesis to enhance plant growth in the greenhouse. You will also have a chance to demonstrate your engineering skills, creativity, team work and communication skills.
背景知識：光合作用的必要條件和温室的運作原理Background knowledge: photosynthesis and the principles of greenhouses
細閱以下内容以重温光合作用的必要條件和温室的運作原理。
Study the content below to revise the requirements of photosynthesis and the working principle of a greenhouse.
A greenhouse is a structure built of transparent materials such as glass (Figure 1). The transparent roof and walls let sunlight in but prevent the heat from escaping. This keeps the air inside the greenhouse warm enough for plants to grow.
A greenhouse is usually equipped with artificial lighting (Figure 2), carbon dioxide generators (Figure 3) and heaters. The light intensity, carbon dioxide concentration and temperature can be adjusted to maximize the rate of photosynthesis, so that the yield and the quality of the crops can be improved.
A greenhouse also provides a protected environment so that the crops are less susceptible to damage by pests and bad weather.
圖1
Figure 1
觀看温室的虛擬實境 (VR)︰You may watch a VR model of a greenhouse:
活動Task
老師會把同學分成三至五人的小組。與組員合作設計和建立一個温室。設計温室時，要注意以下各項︰
- 温室應能讓陽光照射進内。
- 温室應能把熱困住，從而為植物提供一個温暖的生長環境。
- 温室內應維持合適的濕度。
Your teacher will divide the class into groups of three to five. Collaborate with your group members to design and build a greenhouse. Remember that the greenhouse:
- should allow sufficient sunlight to get in.
- should be able to trap the heat of the sunlight and provide a warm temperature.
- should help maintain a suitable air humidity.
設計温室Design the greenhouse
1.
列出你的設計所需的物料。你可選擇使用任何容易取得的物料。
You may use any materials that are easily available to build your greenhouse. List the materials your group will use.
2.
在以下的空格內繪畫並標示你的設計。扼要地描述建立魚菜共生系統的步驟。
Draw and label your design below. Briefly describe your steps in building the greenhouse.
3.
描述你會如何監察和控制温室內的狀況。
Describe how you will monitor and control the conditions in your greenhouse.
4.
描述你會如何比較温室內的植物與露天園圃的植物的生長情況。
Describe how you will compare the growth results in your greenhouse with that in a regular garden.
5.
寫出設計温室時，所參考的資料來源。
Write the source(s) of any reference you used when designing your greenhouse.
製作及展示温室Build the greenhouse and communicate results
1.
經老師准許後，你和組員便可收集所需物料和建立温室。
3.
老師會根據以下評核準則來評核你的表現。
| 評核準則 |
水平 |
| 優異 |
良好 |
平平 |
差劣 |
生物學知識的應用
- 光、二氧化碳和水是光合作用的必要條件
- 温室有助維持環境因素在最適水平，以促進植物的生長
|
4 | 3 | 2 | 1 |
解難能力
- 充分利用物料建立結構穩固的温室
- 小心控制温室内的狀況
|
4 | 3 | 2 | 1 |
|
創新的設計
|
4 | 3 | 2 | 1 |
|
報告及演示
|
4 | 3 | 2 | 1 |
|
引用參考資料
|
4 | 3 | 2 | 1 |
|
整體水平
|
4 | 3 | 2 | 1 |
1.
After getting your teacher’s approval, you can collect your materials and build the greenhouse.
2.
Present and display your greenhouse to the class.
3.
Your teacher will evaluate your work based on the following grading rubric.
| Assessment criteria |
Quality of work |
| Excellent |
Good |
Fair |
Poor |
Application of biological knowledge
- Light, carbon dioxide and water are environmental factors necessary for plants to carry out photosynthesis.
- A greenhouse helps maintain optimal conditions for plants to grow.
|
4 | 3 | 2 | 1 |
Practical solution
- Good use of materials to build a firm structure.
- The conditions in the greenhouse are carefully controlled.
|
4 | 3 | 2 | 1 |
Innovative design
- Innovative use of materials and original design.
|
4 | 3 | 2 | 1 |
Presentation
- Clear and well-organized oral presentation, proper use of scientific language.
|
4 | 3 | 2 | 1 |
Reference acknowledgement
- Any references used are properly acknowledged.
|
4 | 3 | 2 | 1 |
|
Overall quality of work
|
4 | 3 | 2 | 1 |
4.
What modifications can you make to improve your greenhouse?
問題Questions
1.
簡單解釋温室如何提高作物的產量。
Briefly explain how a greenhouse helps improve the yield of crops.
2.
温室通常都安裝了通風系統。試解釋良好通風對温室的重要性。
Many greenhouses are installed with ventilation systems. Briefly explain why good ventilation is important in a greenhouse.
延展部分Extension
如果學校有micro:bit和相關的感應器，你可以利用這些器材設計系統來監察和控制温室內的狀況。
If micro:bits and required sensors are available at your school, you can monitor and control the conditions in your greenhouse using the micro:bits.
第一部分：利用流動裝置或電腦監察温室內的狀況Part 1: Monitoring the environmental conditions with a mobile device or computer
所需物料︰
micro:bit、IoT:bit（Wi-Fi擴展板）、便攜式路由器、温度與濕度感應器
Materials required:
micro:bit, IoT:bit (Wi-Fi expansion board), portable Wi-Fi router, temperature and humidity sensor
温度與濕度感應器
temperature and humidity sensor
透過流動裝置或電腦收集即時數據：Collect the data instantaneously using a mobile device or computer:
第二部分：自動灌溉系統Part 2: Auto watering system
所需物料︰
micro:bit、泥土濕度感應器、水泵
Materials required:
micro:bit, soil moisture sensor, water pump, plastic tube
泥土濕度感應器
Soil moisture sensor
第三部分：自動照明系統Part 3: Auto lighting system
所需物料︰
micro:bit、光強度感應器、LED燈帶
Materials required:
micro:bit, light sensor, LED strip
光強度感應器
light intensity sensor